我们知道，数据库字典包括表结构、索引和主键、外键、约束、视图、函数、存储过程、触发器和规则。本文我们总结了三个SQL视图来查询数据字典的SQL语句示例，利用它可以直接了当地查出SQL2K及SQL2005的所有数据字典，方便文档的编写，希望对大家有帮助。
1. SQL Server数据库字典--表结构.sql
SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT --a.id, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END AS 表名, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN isnull(f.value, '') ELSE '' END AS 表说明, a.colorder AS 字段序号, a.name AS 字段名, CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 标识, CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysindexes si INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id AND si.indid = sik.indid INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id AND sc.colid = sik.colid INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name AND so.xtype = 'PK' WHERE sc.id = a.id AND sc.colid = a.colid) THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 主键, b.name AS 类型, a.length AS 长度, COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS 精度, ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数, CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 允许空, ISNULL(e.text, '') AS 默认值, ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS 字段说明, d.crdate AS 创建时间, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.refdate ELSE NULL END AS 更改时间 FROM dbo.syscolumns a LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0 LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysproperties g ON a.id = g.id AND a.colid = g.smallid AND g.name = 'MS_Description' LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysproperties f ON d.id = f.id AND f.smallid = 0 AND f.name = 'MS_Description' ORDER BY d.name, a.colorder SqlServer2005数据库字典--表结构.sql SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT --a.id, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END AS 表名, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN isnull(f.value, '') ELSE '' END AS 表说明, a.colorder AS 字段序号, a.name AS 字段名, CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 标识, CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysindexes si INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id AND si.indid = sik.indid INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id AND sc.colid = sik.colid INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name AND so.xtype = 'PK' WHERE sc.id = a.id AND sc.colid = a.colid) THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 主键, b.name AS 类型, a.length AS 长度, COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS 精度, ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数, CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 允许空, ISNULL(e.text, '') AS 默认值, ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS 字段说明, d.crdate AS 创建时间, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.refdate ELSE NULL END AS 更改时间 FROM dbo.syscolumns a LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0 LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id AND g.name = 'MS_Description' LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties f ON d.id = f.major_id AND f.minor_id = 0 AND f.name = 'MS_Description' ORDER BY d.name, 字段序号
2. SQL Server数据库字典--索引.sql
SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT --a.id, CASE WHEN b.keyno = 1 THEN c.name ELSE '' END AS 表名, CASE WHEN b.keyno = 1 THEN a.name ELSE '' END AS 索引名称, d.name AS 列名, b.keyno AS 索引顺序, CASE indexkey_property(c.id, b.indid, b.keyno, 'isdescending') WHEN 1 THEN '降序' WHEN 0 THEN '升序' END AS 排序, CASE WHEN p.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 主键, CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id, a.name, 'IsClustered') WHEN 1 THEN '√' WHEN 0 THEN '' END AS 聚集, CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id, a.name, 'IsUnique') WHEN 1 THEN '√' WHEN 0 THEN '' END AS 唯一, CASE WHEN e.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 唯一约束, a.OrigFillFactor AS 填充因子, c.crdate AS 创建时间, c.refdate AS 更改时间 FROM dbo.sysindexes a INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys b ON a.id = b.id AND a.indid = b.indid INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns d ON b.id = d.id AND b.colid = d.colid INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects c ON a.id = c.id AND c.xtype = 'U' LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysobjects e ON e.name = a.name AND e.xtype = 'UQ' LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.sysobjects p ON p.name = a.name AND p.xtype = 'PK' WHERE (OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) AND (OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id, N'IsMSShipped') = 0) AND (INDEXPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsAutoStatistics') = 0) ORDER BY c.name, a.name, b.keyno
3. SQL Server数据库字典--表.视图.函数.存储过程.触发器.主键.外键.约束.规则.sql
SELECT DISTINCT TOP 100 PERCENT isnull(p.name,'') AS 父对象, o.xtype, CASE o.xtype WHEN 'C' THEN 'CHECK 约束' WHEN 'D' THEN '默认值或DEFAULT约束' WHEN 'F' THEN 'FOREIGNKEY约束' WHEN 'L' THEN '日志' WHEN 'FN' THEN '标量函数' WHEN 'IF' THEN '内嵌表函数' WHEN 'P' THEN '存储过程' WHEN 'PK' THEN 'PRIMARYKEY约束' WHEN 'RF' THEN '复制筛选存储过程' WHEN 'S' THEN '系统表' WHEN 'TF' THEN '表函数' WHEN 'TR' THEN '触发器' WHEN 'U' THEN '用户表' WHEN 'UQ' THEN 'UNIQUE 约束' WHEN 'V' THEN '视图' WHEN 'X' THEN '扩展存储过程' WHEN 'R' THEN '规则' ELSE NULL END AS 类型, o.name AS 对象名, o.crdate AS 创建时间, o.refdate AS 更改时间, c.text AS 声明语句,OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N'IsMSShipped') FROM dbo.sysobjects o Left JOIN dbo.sysobjects p ON o.parent_obj = p.id LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments c ON o.id = c.id WHERE --(o.xtype IN ('C','D','F','PK','UQ','L','FN','IF','TF','TR','P','R','RF','X','S','U','V')) AND (OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N'IsMSShipped') = 0) AND (isnull(p.name,'') <> N'dtproperties')
关于使用SQL视图查询SQL Server数据库字典的知识就介绍到这里了，希望本次的介绍能够对您有所收获！