Docker 是最近相当热门的一个名词，它是一个基于 Linux Container 的轻量化的虚拟技术，而微软也相当积极与 Docker 合作，在 Azure 上支持这个火热的技术，并且提供简单的方式来建立 Docker Host，本文将会介绍如何在 Azure 上使用 Docker运行DockerMono镜像。
Docker 简介
Docker 是一个开源的项目，主要的特点是能将应用程序包装在一个 LXC (Linux Container) 容器中，当这些应用被包装进容器后，部署、迁移都变得更为简单。与传统的虚拟化技术相比，虚拟机需要安装操作系统才能执行应用程序，而 Container 则不需要安装操作系统就能运行应用程序。Container 技术是一种在 操作系统内的 Kernel 层所打造虚拟运行环境，所以 Container 彼此之间共享了 Host OS 的 Kernel，但通过namespace 区分来达到隔离每个容器的目的。
本文并不会针对 Docker 这个技术做深入的介绍，主要着重在 Azure 对于 Docker 所提供的支持做介绍,详细了解可以参考 Docker 入门教程。
在 Azure 上建立 Docker Host
Docker 可以运行在 Linux 操作系统之下，所以假如要在 Azure 上使用 Docker，您也可以自行建立一个Linux VM，并在上面安装 并运行Docker Deamon 。而微软在正式宣布与 Docker 密切合作后，推出了对 Docker 的直接支持，CentOS 7 中 Docker 的安装
Docker 软件包已经包括在默认的 CentOS-Extras 软件源里。因此想要安装 docker，只需要运行下面的 yum 命令：
[root@Mono ~]# yum install docker
启动 Docker 服务
[root@ Mono ~]# systemctl start docker.service [root@ Mono ~]# systemctl enable docker.service
下载官方的 CentOS 镜像到本地
[root@Mono ~]# docker pull centos centos:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified 511136ea3c5a: Pull complete 5b12ef8fd570: Pull complete 34943839435d: Pull complete Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
确认 CentOS 镜像已经被获取：
[root@Mono ~]# docker images centos REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos latest 34943839435d 13 days ago 224 MB
运行一个 Docker 容器：
[root@Mono ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash [root@5d841f64f6f0 /]# ls /etc BUILDTIME group nsswitch.conf rpm DIR_COLORS group- openldap sasl2 DIR_COLORS.256color gshadow opt securetty DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor gshadow- os-release security GREP_COLORS gss pam.d selinux X11 host.conf passwd services aliases hostname passwd- shadow alternatives hosts pkcs11 shadow- bash_completion.d hosts.allow pki shells bashrc hosts.deny pm skel binfmt.d init.d popt.d ssl centos-release inputrc prelink.conf.d sysconfig chkconfig.d iproute2 printcap sysctl.d cron.daily issue profile system-release cron.hourly issue.net profile.d system-release-cpe csh.cshrc krb5.conf protocols systemd csh.login ld.so.conf rc.d terminfo dbus-1 ld.so.conf.d rc0.d tmpfiles.d default libaudit.conf rc1.d udev dracut.conf.d libuser.conf rc2.d virc environment localtime rc3.d xdg exports login.defs rc4.d xinetd.d filesystems logrotate.d rc5.d yum fstab magic rc6.d yum.conf gcrypt modules-load.d redhat-release yum.repos.d gnupg motd resolv.conf groff mtab rpc
我们可以看到，CentOS 容器已经被启动，并且我们得到了 bash 提示符。在 docker 命令中我们使用了 “-i 捕获标准输入输出”和 “-t 分配一个终端或控制台”选项。若要断开与容器的连接，输入 exit。
[root@5d841f64f6f0 /]# exit Exit
我们还可以搜索基于 mono的容器。 发现已经有非常多的mono容器，我们开始玩docker mono。
[root@Mono ~]# docker search mono NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mono Mono is an open source implementation of M... 24 [OK] akoeplinger/mono-aspnetvnext Image containing everything needed to play... 14 [OK] monokrome/wine 4 [OK] monokrome/node 3 [OK] friism/mono 2 [OK] benhall/docker-mono Docker file at https://github.com/Ben Hall/... 2 devdiv/ubuntu-mono 1 nacyot/fsharp-mono 1 [OK] caseyjbenko/docker-mono 1 [OK] nacyot/csharp-mono 1 [OK] rexm/mono-docker 1 [OK] prozachj/docker-mono-aspnetvnext 1 [OK] clarktlaugh/mono 0 [OK] marcells/mono 0 [OK] seif/docker-mono-fastcgi-nginx 0 [OK] fghedin/docker-mono 0 [OK] shaunol/mono-owin-webapi 0 [OK] seif/mono-runit 0 [OK] timefairy/debian-mono 0 [OK] shaunol/learning-mono 0 [OK] rmacdonaldsmith/docker-debian-mono-devel 0 [OK] misakai/mono Mono and LLVM on Debian 0 bryanayers/centos7-mono-snapshot 0 [OK] fghedin/docker-mono-hello 0 [OK] acazau/docker-mono 0 [OK] andmos/mono Baseimage for Mono-runtime. 0 eflab/mono 0 jbonhag/mono-hosting-wcf 0 [OK] thachmai/mono-complete 0 [OK] andrefernandes/docker-mono 0 [OK] mikehadlow/ubuntu-monoxide-mono-devel 0 [OK] allunite/mono-base Ubuntu with Mono base image 0 wimperdt/mono-in-docker 0 [OK] ahmet/docker-mono-build 0 [OK] pmcgrath/mono 0 allunite/buildimage-mono Drone.io build image for mono apps 0 tomrijntjes/monoculture 0 [OK] pjvds/mono 0 basecrm/mono 0 monokrome/btsync 0 [OK] basespace/mono 0 robzhu/mono 0 monokrome/zmq 0 [OK] bowery/mono 0 wbonner/unity-mono 0 wayneo/mono 0 rwentzel/ubuntu-mono Ubuntu 13.04 with Mono 3.2.3 0 scottrudy/mono 0 haaf/mono-baseline A Mono 3.8 baseline with F# installed . So... 0 monokrome/minecraft 0 [OK] bryanayers/centos7-mono3.10.0 0 [OK] tilde/mono 0 junsuzuki/mono 0 virkokka/mono-fsharp Ubuntu 14.04 with mono and F# 0 pcherng/phasingapp-mono-dev 0 bryanayers/centos7-mono3.8.0 0 [OK] monokrome/gitreceive 0 [OK] kolektiv/mono 0 octohost/mono 0 leptonix/mono 0 monokrome/azure-cli 0 [OK] monokrome/renderize 0 [OK] monokrome/gitolite 0 [OK] paulbrennan/mono 0 monokrome/sshd 0 [OK] basespace/centos-mono 0 monokrome/nibbler 0 [OK] saltosystems/mono-xsp4-app 0 clintonalee/centos6-mono 0 endeavour/nginx-mono 0 monokrome/chat 0 [OK] armbuild/crosbymichael-mono 0 jpina/centos-mono 0 bjornno/mono-phonebook 0 pcherng/jellyfish-mono 0 petee/centos-mono 0 menziesbenwiles/test-mono 0 nyasara/azurepymono A base ubuntu image with Mono, Azure SDK f... 0 [OK] allanlei/mono-fastcgi-server2 0 petee/centos-mono-2.10.2 0 nyasara/monobase Adds Azure SDK and IronPython to a mo no image 0 hack13/mono310 opensuse mono 3.10 0 originalsurfmex/monode development sandbox (uses 8080): node , exp... 0 jgarverick/monocent Linux image with Mono framework pre-i nstalled 0 pgrm/mono_baseimage 0 pcherng/puma00-14-07-09-mono 0 jgarverick/monodeb 0 azraelrabbit/monup mono opt for jexus web server 0 [OK] afilimonov/hcci-solr 0 [OK] afilimonov/docker-solr 0 [OK] fireantik/fireantmonodocker 0 [OK] monolive/centos 0 monofraps/centos65-base 0 callumelgrant/docker-mono-aspnetvnext 0 [OK] seif/mono Debian based mono container using xam arin ... 0 [OK] smartprocure/mono 0 [OK] jamesottaway/mono Mono is an open source implementation of M... 0 [OK] cuda/mono Mono latest release container based o n Ubu... 0 [OK] crosbymichael/mono 0 [OK] derekslager/mono 0 [OK] shaunol/centos-mono 0 [OK] matsprea/mono-aspnetvnext Repository with MONO and the Asp.Net vnext... 0 [OK] djsell/mono 0 [OK] andystanton/exec-mono 0 [OK] ndelitski/mono 0 [OK] [root@Mono ~]#
下载Mono的 docker镜像
[root@Mono ~]# docker pull mono mono:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified f10807909bc5: Pull complete f6fab3b798be: Pull complete 3c43ebb7883b: Pull complete 7a1f8e485667: Pull complete a342319da8ea: Pull complete 3774d7ea06a6: Pull complete 9da8fc8d2ff5: Pull complete 511136ea3c5a: Already exists Status: Downloaded newer image for mono:latest [root@Mono ~]#
使用docker运行mono
[root@Mono ~]# docker run -i -t mono bash ) root@66f9d4b4c73b:/# mono -V Mono JIT compiler version 3.10.0 (tarball Wed Nov 5 12:50:04 UTC 2014) Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com TLS: __thread SIGSEGV: altstack Notifications: epoll Architecture: amd64 Disabled: none Misc: softdebug LLVM: supported, not enabled. GC: sgen root@66f9d4b4c73b:/#