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    用T-SQL操作面试SQL Server开发人员(1)

    出处：ITJS

    预备考试脚本

    在开始考试之前，我需要一个模式和一些数据来运行所要考核的查询，列表A创建了所需的这些数据：

    列表A：

    IF OBJECT_ID('Sales') > 0 
    

    测试
    

    测试项目#1：返回在2005年10月售出的所有产品的名称、价格和客户姓名，答案见列表B：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    

    测试项目#8：将销售在2005年6月10日到6月20日之间的产品的销售价格升级为建议售价，答案见列表I：
    

    


    

    UPDATE s 
     




    预备考试脚本
    

    在开始考试之前，我需要一个模式和一些数据来运行所要考核的查询，列表A创建了所需的这些数据：
    

    列表A：
    

    


    

    IF OBJECT_ID('Sales') > 0 
    DROP TABLE Sales 
    GO 
    IF OBJECT_ID('Customers') > 0 
    DROP TABLE Customers 
    GO 
    IF OBJECT_ID('Products') > 0 
    DROP TABLE Products 
    GO 
    CREATE TABLE Customers 
    ( 
    CustomerID INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, 
    FirstName VARCHAR(50), 
    LastName VARCHAR(50), 
    City VARCHAR(50), 
    State CHAR(2), 
    Zip VARCHAR(10) 
    ) 
    GO 
    CREATE TABLE Products 
    (ProductID TINYINT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, 
    ProductName VARCHAR(20),RecommendedPrice 
    MONEY,Category VARCHAR(10) 
    )GO CREATE TABLE Sales(SaleID INT IDENTITY 
    PRIMARY KEY,ProductID TINYINT NOT NULL 
    REFERENCES Products(ProductID),CustomerID INT 
    NOT NULL REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID),SalePrice 
    MONEY NOT NULL,SaleDate SMALLDATETIME NOT NULL)GO 
    INSERT INTO Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, Category) 
    VALUES('DVD',105,'LivingRoom')INSERT INTO 
    Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, Category) 
    VALUES('Microwave',98,'Kitchen')INSERT 
    INTO Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, 
    Category)VALUES('Monitor',200,'Office')INSERT 
    INTO Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, Category) 
    VALUES('Speakers',85,'Office')INSERT INTO 
    Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, Category) 
    VALUES('Refrigerator',900,'Kitchen')INSERT INTO 
    Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, Category) 
    VALUES('VCR',165,'LivingRoom') 
    INSERT INTO Products(ProductName, RecommendedPrice, Category) 
    VALUES('CoffeePot',35,'Kitchen')GO 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('John','Miller','Asbury','NY','23433') INSERT INTO 
    Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Fred','Hammill','Basham','AK','85675') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Stan','Mellish','Callahan','WY','38556') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Adrian','Caparzo','Denver','CO','12377') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Mike','Horvath','Easton','IN','47130') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Irwin','Wade','Frankfurt','KY','45902') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('George','Marshall','Gallipoli','ND','34908') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Frank','Costello','Honolulu','HI','23905') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Billy','Costigan','Immice','SC','75389') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Shelly','Sipes','Lights','AZ','35263') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Chirsty','Melton','Spade','CA','97505') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Amanda','Owens','Flask','CN','50386') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Brittany','Smits','Bourbon','KY','24207') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Kristy','Bryant','Tarp','FL','58960') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Kelly','Street','TableTop','ID','57732') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Tricia','Hill','Camera','ME','46738') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Holly','Raines','Compact','MS','35735') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Natalie','Woods','Woods','IN','87219') 
    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Wendy','Hilton','Action','KY','47093') 
    GO 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(1,1,130,'2/6/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(2,2,97,'1/7/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,3,200,'8/8/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(4,4,80,'4/9/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(5,5,899,'10/10/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(6,6,150,'10/11/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,7,209,'12/12/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(4,8,90,'5/13/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(6,9,130,'6/14/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(2,14,85,'6/19/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,15,240,'9/20/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(1,16,99,'7/21/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(1,17,87,'3/22/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(2,18,99,'1/23/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(6,19,150,'3/24/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(5,5,900,'3/10/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(4,6,86,'8/11/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(2,7,88,'8/12/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,8,198,'12/13/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(1,9,150,'5/14/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(6,14,99,'7/19/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(6,15,104,'9/20/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,16,270,'2/21/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(4,17,90,'7/22/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(1,1,130,'3/6/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(2,2,102,'4/7/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(1,3,114,'11/8/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(5,4,1000,'5/9/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(5,5,1100,'10/10/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,6,285,'6/11/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(2,7,87,'10/12/2005') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(ProductID, CustomerID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(3,8,300,'7/13/2005') 
    GO
    

    一旦我载入了这些数据，我就可以开始测试了(提示：我会让应聘者将他们编写的SELECT/UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE 语句存储在一个文本文件中，这样我以后可以随时阅览)。
    


    测试
    

    测试项目#1：返回在2005年10月售出的所有产品的名称、价格和客户姓名，答案见列表B：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    c.FirstName, c.LastName, p.ProductName, s.SalePrice 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    INNER JOIN Customers c ON s.CustomerID = c.CustomerID 
    INNER JOIN Products p ON s.ProductID = p.ProductID 
    WHERE 
    s.SaleDate >= '10/1/2005' AND 
    s.SaleDate < '11/1/2005'
    

    测试项目#2：返回没有购买产品并且位于客户表格上的人的姓名及其客户ID，答案参见列表C：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    c.CustomerID, c.FirstName, c.LastName 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    RIGHT OUTER JOIN Customers c ON s.CustomerID = c.CustomerID 
    WHERE 
    s.CustomerID IS NULL
    

    测试项目#3：返回客户姓名、销售价格、建议售价、建议售价和实际价格的差额，该差额必需是正数，答案见列表D：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    c.FirstName, c.LastName, s.SalePrice, p.RecommendedPrice, 
    ABS(s.SalePrice - p.RecommendedPrice) 
    AS AbsoluteSalePriceDifference 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    INNER JOIN Customers c ON s.CustomerID = c.CustomerID 
    INNER JOIN Products p ON s.ProductID = p.ProductID
    

    测试项目#4：根据产品类别计算平均价格，答案见列表E：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    p.Category, AVG(s.SalePrice) AS AverageSalePrice 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    INNER JOIN Products p ON s.ProductID = p.ProductID 
    GROUP BY p.Category
    

    测试项目#5：将以下的客户和销售信息加入到数据库中：
    

    


    

    FirstName: Chris 
    LastName: Kringle 
    City: Henryville 
    State: IN 
    Zip: 47126 
    ProductID: 3 
    SalePrice: 205 
    SaleDate: 12/31/2005
    

    答案见列表F：
    

    


    

    INSERT INTO Customers(FirstName, LastName, City, State, Zip) 
    VALUES('Chris', 'Kringle', 'Henryville', 'IN', '47126') 
    INSERT INTO Sales(CustomerID, ProductID, SalePrice, SaleDate) 
    VALUES(SCOPE_IDENTITY(), 3, 205, '12/31/2005')
    

    测试项目#6：从数据库中删除来自缅因洲(‘ME’)的客户，答案见列表G：
    

    


    

    DELETE s 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    JOIN Customers c ON s.CustomerID = c.CustomerID 
    WHERE 
    c.State = 'ME' 
    DELETE c 
    FROM 
    Customers c 
    WHERE 
    c.State = 'ME'
    

    测试项目#7：返回客户购买了两个或多个产品的平均售价和产品类别，答案见列表H：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    p.Category, AVG(s.SalePrice) 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    INNER JOIN 
    ( 
    SELECT s.CustomerID 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    GROUP BY s.CustomerID 
    HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) >= 2 
    ) x ON s.CustomerID = x.CustomerID 
    INNER JOIN Products p ON s.ProductID = p.ProductID 
    GROUP BY p.Category
    


    测试项目#8：将销售在2005年6月10日到6月20日之间的产品的销售价格升级为建议售价，答案见列表I：
    

    


    

    UPDATE s 
    SET SalePrice = p.RecommendedPrice 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    INNER JOIN Products p ON s.ProductID = s.ProductID 
    WHERE 
    SaleDate >= '6/10/2005' AND 
    SaleDate < '6/21/2005'
    

    测试项目#9：根据产品种类计算建议售价超过实际售价10元及以上的销售数量，答案见列表J：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    p.Category, COUNT(*) AS NumberOfSales 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    INNER JOIN Products p ON s.ProductID = p.ProductID 
    GROUP BY p.Category 
    HAVING 
    AVG(p.RecommendedPrice) >= AVG(s.SalePrice)+10
    

    测试项目#10：不使用叠代构建，返回所由销售产品的销售日期，并按照该日期升序排列，答案见列表K：
    

    


    

    SELECT 
    s.SaleDate, 
    s.SalePrice, 
    ( 
    SELECT 
    SUM(SalePrice) 
    FROM 
    Sales s2 
    WHERE 
    s2.SaleDate <= s.SaleDate 
    ) AS RunningTotal 
    FROM 
    Sales s 
    ORDER BY 
    s.SaleDate ASC
    

    评分
    

    我曾经使用类似的考题去考察很多应聘SQL Server数据库开发职位的人，但是迄今为止，只有2个人可以正确地回答出所有的问题。
    

    平均分大约为50-60%，假如应聘者的表现高于这个平均分，那么我就认为他或她是一位优秀的T-SQL程序员，假如应聘者获得了90%以上的得分，那么他或她就是一位非常优异的程序员。
    

    假如您对我的答案有任何问题或者想发表评论，请在文章的讨论区进行讨论。
    
	
	

	
	
    
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